Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (ka boitlami Alexy; 1221-1263) - Khosana ea Novgorod, Grand Duke oa Kiev, Grand Duke oa Vladimir le moetapele oa sesole. Kerekeng ea Orthodox ea Russia e ile ea halalela.
Ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse khahlisang ho biography ea Alexander Nevsky, eo re tla bua ka eona sehloohong sena.
Kahoo, ka pel'a hao ke e khutšoanyane a biography Aleksandra Nevskogo.
Biography Aleksandra Nevskogo
Alexander Nevsky o hlahile ka la 13 May, 1221 motseng oa Pereslavl-Zalessky. E ne e le mora oa khosana ea Pereyaslavl (hamorao khosana ea Kiev le Vladimir) Yaroslav Vsevolodovich le mosali oa hae, Khosatsana Rostislava Mstislavna.
Alexander ne barab'abo rōna ba 8: Fedor, Andrey, Mikhail, Daniel, Konstantin, Yaroslav, Athanasius le Vasily, hammoho le baralib'abo rōna ba babeli - Maria le Ulyana.
Ha molaoli oa ka moso a le lilemo li ka bang 4, eena le banab'abo ba ile ba fetisa moetlo oa ho qala ho bahlabani, ba hlophisitsoeng ke ntate oa hae. Ka 1230, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich o ile a beha bara ba hae Alexander le Fyodor pusong ea Novgorod.
Lilemo tse tharo hamorao, Fedor o ile a hlokahala, ka lebaka leo Alexander Nevsky a neng a bonahala e le hlooho ea puso ea sechaba.
Masolo a sesole
Biography Alexander e haufi-ufi ho lohellanya le lintoa. Letšolong la hae la pele, khosana e ile ea ea le ntate oa eona Dorpat, a lakatsa ho hapa motse hape ho batho ba Livonia. Ntoeng eo, masole a Russia a ile a hlola li-knights.
Eaba ntoa ea Smolensk le lebotho la Lithuania e qala, moo tlhōlo e ileng ea ea lebothong la Alexander Yaroslavovich. Ka la 15 Phupu, 1240, ho ile ha ba le ntoa e tummeng ea Neva lipakeng tsa maSweden le Marussia. Ba pele ba ile ba leka ho tseba Ladoga, empa ba hloleha ho fihlela sepheo sa bona.
Sehlopha sa Alexander, ntle le thuso ea lebotho le ka sehloohong, se ile sa hlola sera ho kopano ea linoka tsa Izhora le Neva. Ke ka mor'a tlhōlo ena ea nalane ea khosana ea Novgorod e ileng ea qala ho bitsoa Alexander Nevsky.
Taba e khahlisang ke hore boteng ba ntoa bo tsejoa feela ke mehloli ea Russia, ha ho ntse ho buuoa ka ntoa bukeng ea nalane ea Sweden. Mohloli oa pele oa ho boleloa ha ntoa ke Novgorod First Chronicle, ea lekholo la bo14 la lilemo.
Ho ea ka tokomane ena, ka mor'a ho amohela litaba tse nyonyehang tsa likepe tsa Sweden, khosana ea lilemo li 20 ea Novgorod Alexander Yaroslavich kapele o ile a fallisa sehlopha sa hae se senyenyane le batho ba lehae khahlano le sera pele a fihla Letšeng la Ladoga.
Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a ntoa ea tlhōlo, Novgorod boyars qala ho tšaba tšusumetso e hōlang ea Alexander. Ka bolotsana le litseko tse fapaneng ba ile ba khona ho netefatsa hore khosana e ea ho Vladimir ho ntate oa eona.
Haufinyane lebotho la Jeremane le ile la loana le Russia, la hapa naha ea Pskov, Izborsk, Vozhsky le toropo ea Koporye. Ka lebaka leo, li-knights li ile tsa atamela Novgorod. Sena se ile sa lebisa tlhokomelong ea hore boyars ka boeona ba ile ba qala ho kopa Nevsky hore a khutle le ho ba thusa.
Ka 1241 molaoli o ile a fihla Novgorod. Hammoho le lebotho la hae, o ile a lokolla Pskov, 'me ka la 5 April, 1242, ntoa ea bohlokoa e ile ea etsahala Letšeng la Peipsi, le tsejoang ka ho fetisisa e le Ntoa ea Leqhoa. Alexander o ile a tobana le Teutonic Knights, ba neng ba itokiselitse ntoa hantle.
Ha a hlokomela hore sera se hlometse hamolemo, khosana ea Russia e ile ea qhekella. O ile a hohela lira tse apereng liaparo tse boima holim'a leqhoa le tšesaane. Ha nako e ntse, leqhoa ne a ke ke mamella mahlaahlela boima ba Majeremane 'me a qala ho peperana.
Ma-Teuton a ile a qala ho khangoa ke metsi le ho hasana hohle ka tšabo. Leha ho le joalo, bapalami ba lipere ba Russia ba hlaselang ka mahlakoreng ba atlehile ho emisa boiteko bofe kapa bofe ba ho baleha. Kamora ho fela ha Ntoa ea Leqhoa, taelo ea bohloeki e ile ea lahla lintoa tsohle tsa morao tjena.
Leha ho le joalo, leha ba ile ba hlola Ma-Livonia, ma-Novgorodian ha a ka a nka bohato ba ho fetela bophirima ho leba Finland kapa Estonia.
Kamora lilemo tse 3, Alexander Nevsky o ile a lokolla Torzhok, Toropets le Bezhetsk, tse neng li le taolong ea Lithuania. Eaba o fihlela le hlōla ka ho feletseng mesaletsa ea lebotho la Lithuania.
Sehlopha se busang
Ka mor'a lefu la ntate oa Alexander ka 1247, e ile ea e-ba khosana ea Kiev. Ka nako eo, Russia e ne e le tlas'a joko ea Majapane a Matatar le a Mongol.
Kamora tlhaselo ea Livonia, Nevsky o ile a tsoela pele ho matlafatsa Leboea-Bophirima ba Russia. O ile a romela man hisosa a hae ho la Norway, e leng ho ileng ha lebisa phethisong ea selekane sa khotso lipakeng tsa Russia le Norway ka 1251. Alexander o ile a etella pele sesole sa hae ho leba Finland, moo a ileng a atleha ho hlola Ma-Sweden, a ileng a leka hape ho thibela Leoatle la Baltic ho Marussia ka 1256.
Nevsky e ile ea e-ba ralipolotiki ea masene le ea bonang hole. O hanne boiteko ba curia ea Roma ba ho tsosa ntoa lipakeng tsa Russia le Golden Horde, hobane o ne a utloisisa hore ka nako eo Matatare a na le matla a maholo haholo. Ntle le moo, o ile a hlokomela hore a ka ts'epa tšehetso ea Horde haeba motho a ka leka ho phephetsa bolaoli ba hae.
Ka 1252, Andrei le Yaroslav, banab'eso ba Nevsky, ba ile ba ea ntoeng khahlanong le Matatare, empa ba hloloa ka ho felletseng ke bona. Andrew o bile a tlameha ho balehela Sweden, ka lebaka leo boholo ba Vladimir bo ileng ba fetela ho Alexander.
Karolo e phethoang ke Alexander Nevsky nalaneng e lekoa ke litsebi ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Le ha molaoli a ne a lula a sireletsa masimo a hae ho bahlaseli ba Bophirimela, ka nako e ts'oanang o ile a mamela babusi ba mabotho a maholo.
Khosana e ne e etela Batu khafetsa, e mo tiisetsa hore oa mo tšehetsa. Ka 1257 o ile a ba a etela Novgorod le man ambosa a Matatare ho ea tiisetsa 'Mōpi ka thuso ea hae.
Ho feta moo, ha Vasily, mora oa Alexander, a hanyetsa Matatare, Nevsky o ile a laela hore a isoe kholehong naheng ea Suzdal, mme sebakeng sa hae, Dmitry, ea neng a le lilemo li ka bang 7, o lokela ho koalloa teronkong. Ka lebaka lena, leano la molaoli hangata le nkuoa le le bolotsana.
Ka 1259, Alexander Nevsky, ka litšoso tsa tlhaselo ea Matatare, o ile a susumetsa batho ba Novgorodian hore ba bokelle sethabathaba ho Horde. Ena ke ketso e 'ngoe ea Nevsky, e sa mo hlompheng.
Bophelo ba motho ka mong
Ka 1239, khosana e ile ea nka morali oa Bryachislav oa Polotsk ea bitsoang Alexander. Kopano ena, banyalani bao ba ne ba e-na le ngoanana Evdokia le bashanyana ba 4: Vasily, Dmitry, Andrey le Daniel.
Ho na le phetolelo eo Nevsky a neng a e-na le mosali oa bobeli - Vassa. Leha ho le joalo, bo-rahistori ba bangata ba lumela hore Vassa ke lebitso la boitlami la mosali oa hae Alexandra.
Lefu
Ka 1262 Alexander Nevsky o ile a ea Horde, a lakatsa ho thibela letšolo le reriloeng la Tatar-Mongol. E bakiloe ke lipolao tsa babokelli ba sethabathaba sa Horde metseng e mengata ea Russia.
'Musong oa Mamongolia, molaoli o ile a kula hampe, mme a khutlela hae a sa phela. Nakoana pele ho lefu la hae, Alexander o ile a etsa boitlamo ba boitlami tlasa lebitso la Alexis. Ketso e joalo, hammoho le ho hana khafetsa ha baruti ba Roma ho amohela Bok'hatholike, ho ile ha etsa hore khosana e ratoe hara baruti ba Russia.
Alexander Nevsky o hlokahetse ka la 14 November, 1263 a le lilemo li 42. O ile a patoa Vladimir, empa ka 1724 Peter e Moholo o ile a laela hore ho busetsoe setopo sa khosana ntlong ea baitlami ea St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky.
Setšoantšo ke Alexander Nevsky
