Suzdal Kremlin ke khubung ea toropo ea khale, setloholo sa eona le qalo ea nalane ea Suzdal. E boloka kamora marako a matla mohopolo oa liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Russia, liphiri tse ngata le liphiri, tseo meloko ea bo-rahistori ba sebetsang ho li rarolla. Boleng ba bonono le nalane ea sehlopha sa Kremlin se Suzdal se ananeloa e le lefa la setso la Russia le UNESCO. Seterata sa Central Kremlin, joalo ka "mochini oa nako", se bula tsela bakeng sa bahahlauli nakong e fetileng ea milione ea Russia.
Ho etela nalaneng ea Suzdal Kremlin
Leralleng le kobaheng ea Noka ea Kamyanka, moo moaho oa pokello ea nalane "Suzdal Kremlin" o hlahang kajeno ka botle bohle ba ona, toropo ea Suzdal e hlahile lekholong la 10 la lilemo. Ho ea ka tlhaloso e tsoang ho nalane, mathoasong a lekholo la lilemo la XI-XII, liqhobosheane tsa letsopa tsa qhobosheane li ile tsa hahuoa mona ka terata e phahameng ea lifate, e phethetsoeng ka terata ea lipalo ea lithupa tsa lehong. Ho ne ho e-na le litora le liheke tse tharo ho potoloha lebota la qhobosheane.
Litšoantšo tsa khale li bontša marako a qhobosheane a lika-likelitsoeng ke liforo tse nang le metsi mahlakore a mararo - boroa, bophirima le bochabela. Hammoho le noka e neng e sirelelitse ho tloha leboea, ba ile ba thiba tsela ea lira. Ho tloha lekholong la bo13 la lilemo ho isa ho la bo17 la lilemo, kereke e kholo, meaho ea bolulo ba khosana le mobishopo, meaho ea bahlahlobi ba khosana le bahlanka, likereke tse 'maloa, tora ea tšepe le meaho e mengata ea kantle e ile ea hola kamora lebota la qhobosheane.
Mollo ka 1719 o sentse meaho eohle ea mapolanka ea Kremlin, ho fihlela marako a qhobosheane. Liemahale tse bolokiloeng tsa meralo ea Russia, e hahiloeng ka majoe, eo kajeno e hlahang ka pel'a batho ba mehleng ea bona ka khanya eohle ea bona. Ponahalo e kaholimo ea Suzdal Kremlin ha o habanya feela e hlahisa botle bohle ba eona, bo kopantsoe ka mokhoa o makatsang le tikoloho e haufi.
Cathedral ea Tsoalo ea Jesu
Cathedral ea Tsoalo ea Jesu ea Moroetsana, e qalileng ka 1225, ke moaho oa khale ka ho fetisisa oa majoe sebakeng sa Kremlin. E ne e hahiloe metheong ea kereke ea lejoe e oetsoeng ke litšiea tse tšeletseng e hahiloeng tlasa Vladimir Monomakh qetellong ea lekholo la bo11 la lilemo. Setloholo sa Yuri Dolgoruky, Khosana Georgy Vsevolodovich, o hahile lejoe kereke e nang le libaka tse hlano e nehetsoeng ho Tsoalo ea Moroetsana.
Ho boputsoa joaloka leholimo, matlo a onion a kereke e kholo a na le linaleli tsa khauta. Ho theosa le makholo a lilemo, ponahalo ea sefahleho e fetohile. Karolo e ka tlase ea kereke e kholo, e khabisitsoeng ka litšoantšo tse betliloeng ka majoe, lihlooho tsa litau tse betliloeng ka majoe, limaske tsa basali lits'oants'o le mekhabiso e majabajaba, li bolokiloe ho tloha lekholong la bo13 la lilemo. Setene sa lekholong la bo16 la lilemo se bonahala kamora lebanta la arcature.
Linepe tse kahare ho kereke e kholo li bolokiloe ka li-fresco tse bolokiloeng ho tloha lekholong la bo13 la lilemo maboteng, mekhabiso ea lipalesa tse mamating, lijana tse nang le boiphihlelo, iconostasis ea khauta e bulehileng e nang le litšoantšo tsa bahalaleli.
"Liheke tsa khauta" tse ka boroa le bophirima ke letlotlo la 'nete. Li khabisitsoe ka maqephe a sekareleta a koporo a nang le mekhabiso e metle, metako e takiloeng e bonts'ang liketsahalo tsa Kosepele le merero ea liketso tsa Lengeloi le ka Sehloohong Michael, ea tšehetsang matšolo a sesole a khosana. Liheke li buloa ka mehele ea khale ea khale ka sebopeho sa mehele, e kentsoeng melomong ea lihlooho tsa litau, tse nang le boleng ba nalane le bonono.
Nativity Cathedral e khahlisa le necropolis ea batho ba tummeng ba Boholo-holo Rus - bara ba Yuri Dolgoruky, babishopo, likhosana tsa ntlo ea borena ea Shuisky le bo-boyars ba maemong a holimo.
Cathedral bell tower
Kereke ea Tsoalo ea Jesu e na le tšepe ea octahedral e nang le tente e ntle. Belfry, e hahiloeng ka majoe ka 1635, e ile ea lula e le moaho o molelele ho fetisisa toropong nako e telele. Bokaholimo ba octahedron bo hohela tlhokomelo ka mofuta oa li-chime arches le chimes tsa lekholo la bo17 la lilemo. Qetellong ea lekholo lena la lilemo, kereke e ne e hahiloe kahare ho tora ea tšepe, e hokahantsoe ke lebala le liphasejeng le likamore tsa likamore tsa babishopo.
Re khothaletsa ho sheba Tula Kremlin.
Kajeno, kahare ho mabotho a mehleng ea khale, ho a khonahala ho bona moqomo o le mong feela oa mapolanka oa Jordan oa lekholo la bo17 la lilemo ka har'a naha.
Lehong Nikolskaya Kereke
Kereke ea mapolanka ea Nicholas ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, e hahiloeng joalo ka ntlo ea mahaeng mme e tlohile motsaneng oa Glotovo, seterekeng sa Yuryev-Polsky, e lekana hantle moahong oa Suzdal Kremlin. Mohaho o sa tloaelehang oa kereke, o hahiloeng ka lifate ntle le lenala le le leng, o tsosa thahasello ea bahahlauli. Lifoto li bonts'a ponahalo ea eona e tšesaane - boholo bo hlakileng ba likamore tsa patsi, marulelo a betliloeng ka hloko le tleloubu e bobebe ea lepolanka e nang le sefapano. Lebala le bulehileng le lika-likelitse kereke ka mahlakore a mararo.
Mohlala o ikhethileng oa meralo ea Russia o kentsoe lebaleng la Lekhotla la Babishopo, moo Kereke ea mapolanka ea All Saints pejana e neng e le teng, e ileng ea chesoa ke mollo lekholong la bo18 la lilemo. Kajeno Nikolsky Cathedral ke pontšo ea Suzdal Museum of Wooden Architecture. Tlhahlobo ea eona ea kantle e kenyelelitsoe lenaneong la maeto a ho etela libaka tsa Kremlin.
Kereke ea Lehlabula ea Nikolskaya
Karolong ea pele ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo, kereke ea lehlabula e ile ea hahuoa ho tlotla St. Nicholas Wonderworker haufi le Nikolskie Gates e okametseng Noka ea Kamenka. Tempele e nang le taolo e le 'ngoe ea sebopeho sa cuboid e phetheloa ka sekhahla se bōpehileng joaloka helmete se nang le sefapano. Botlaaseng ba khalase, likhutlo li khutsitsoe ka li-columns. Boraro-bo-bong ba litsoe tse nang le lipehelo li lebisa tempeleng. Quadrangle ea bobeli e khabisitsoe ka li-checkers tse oblong. Ho eona ho nyoloha tora ea tšepe ea octahedral e nang le pilasters likhutlong le mela e meraro ea mekhabiso e khabisitsoeng ea sefahleho - semicircular le octahedral. Ka morao ho tsona ke litselana tsa tora ea tšepe, e lika-likelitsoeng ke cornice ka holimo, e khabisitsoeng ka lebanta la lithaelese tse botala bo bosehla. Qetellong ea tora ea tšepe ke tente ea mantlha ea concave e nang le lifensetere tse chitja. Benghali ba Suzdal ba ne ba bitsa mofuta ona oa tente e le phala.
Tsoalo ea tsoalo ea Christ Church
Winter Nativity of Christ Church e ka lehlakoreng le ka bochabela la Suzdal Kremlin haufi le Kereke ea Nikolskaya, e phethelang moetlo oa setso oa Orthodox oa likereke tse peli tsa sehla. Kereke ea Nativity of Christ e hahiloe ka 1775 ho tloha ka litene. Ke moaho o moholo o nang le psehedral apse e hokahantsoeng, setsi sa liphuputso le vestibule.
Marulelo a marulelo e ile ea e-ba sekoaelo sa kereke e kholo le setereke. Sehlohlolo sa eona e ne e le moqomo o betliloeng o kentsoeng onion ka sefapano. Likarolo tsa kereke li khetholloa ka mekhabiso e metle ea li-pilasters, li-cornices le li-friezes. Lifensetere tsa arched li khabisitsoe ka liforeimi tsa majoe tse khabisitsoeng, 'me holim' a vestibule, pente ea khale e mabapi le tsoalo ea Kreste e hohela tlhokomelo.
Kereke ea Nyolohelo ea Moroetsana ea Hlohonolofalitsoeng
Kereke ea Assumption ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo e haufi le liheke tse ka leboea tsa Kremlin, eo pele e neng e bitsoa Ilyinsky. E hahiloe ke likhosana tsa Suzdal sebakeng sa kereke e chesitsoeng ea lehong ka mekhahlelo e 'meli, e neng e bonts'oa ke moaho.
Karolo e ka tlase ke sekhutloana se nang le liforeimi tse fesheneng tsa lekholo la bo17 la lilemo. Karolo e kaholimo ke octagon e nang le li-platbands lifensetereng ka sebopeho sa li-curls tsa moea tse nang le selikalikoe bohareng. Mekhabiso e joalo e teng mehleng ea Petrine - halofo ea pele ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo. Tempele e phetheloa ka moqomo o ikhethileng oa mekato e 'meli o nang le dome e tala ea volumetric e nang le dome e nyane e nang le sefapano. Likarolo tsa kereke li hlahelletse ka 'mala o mofubelu o khanyang, o hlophisitsoeng ke li-pilasters tse tšoeu le mabanta a platband, e leng se fanang ka ponahalo e ntle le e ntle.
Haufi ke mohaho o tsosolositsoeng oa tšepe ea marulelo. Ha re sheba hore na sehlopha sa meralo ea Kereke ea Nyalo ea Moroetsana ea Hlohonolofalitsoeng se shebahala joang, re fumana likarolo tsa setaele sa Baroque sa Moscow, se sa tloaelehang ho Suzdal. Likarolo tsa kahare li khahla le iconostasis e mekhahlelo e mehlano e nang le metako ea sejoale-joale. Ho tloha 2015, mesaletsa ea St. Arseny ea Suzdal e bolokiloe mona, e thusa ho folisa maloetse a bongoaneng.
Likamore tsa babishopo
Lehlakore le ka bophirima la Suzdal Kremlin le lula ke lekhotla la Babishopo le nang le meaho ea bolulo le e thusang ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo, e kopantsoe ke likhalase tse koahetsoeng, marang-rang a litepisi le litepisi tsa lekunutu. Se khahlisang ka ho fetisisa ke Cross Chamber, eo mehleng ea khale e neng e reretsoe ho amohela baeti ba maemo a holimo. Marako a eona a fanyehiloe litšoantšo tsa marena le baruti ba phahameng. Terone ea mobishopo ea bolailoeng ka boqhetseke, litofo tsa lithaele, thepa ea ka kerekeng le lisebelisoa li khahloa. Ho fihla Cross Chambers, o ka sebelisa monyako o moholo o haufi le portal e ka bophirima ea Cathedral ea Nativity.
Kajeno, likamoreng tse 9 tsa Bishops 'Chambers, lipontšo tsa nalane ea Suzdal li hlahisitsoe, li hlophisitsoe ka tatellano ea liketsahalo ho tloha lekholong la XII la lilemo ho fihlela kajeno. Leetong lena, ba pheta lipale tse khahlisang tsa hore na ke mang ea neng a lula Suzdal le Kremlin. Lekhotleng la Mobishopo, moaho oa Kereke ea Annunciation o nang le sebaka sa litulo, o nchafalitsoeng ponahalong ea lekholo la bo16 la lilemo, oa hohela. Ka tempeleng u ka bona litšoantšo tse 56 tse sa tloaelehang tsa lekholo la bo15 la bo17 le la lilemo 'me u ithute lipale tse khahlisang tsa baitlami ba Vladimir-Suzdal.
Lintlha tse khahlisang ka Suzdal Kremlin
- Sebaka seo meaho ea Kremlin e hahiloeng ho sona e ile ea boleloa ka lekhetlo la pele mengolong ea nalane ea 1024.
- Lits'epe tsa letsopa tsa Kremlin li eme ho tloha nakong ea Vladimir Monomakh ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea "gorodnya", e leng sebopeho sa kahare se entsoeng ka lehong, se sebetsoang ka letsopa mahlakoreng ohle.
- Motheo oa holo holong ea Cross Chamber bakeng sa ho amohela baeti e bophahamo ba limithara tse 9 mme limithara tse lisekoere tse fetang 300 sebakeng seo li hahiloe ntle le pilara e le 'ngoe.
- Ha ho na linomoro manakaneng a chimes ea kereke ea kereke e kholo ha ho na linomoro, empa li-caps li sebelisoa ho latela moetlo oa khale oa Seslavone, ntle le tlhaku "B", e mothofatsang Molimo.
- Litereke li phatlalatsoa ka chimes kotara e ngoe le e ngoe ea hora. Mosebetsi oa oache o ne o behiloe leihlo ke basebetsi ba bitsoang baetsi ba lioache.
- Linaleli tsa khauta tse 365 li hasane holim'a sebaka sa Kereke ea Tsoalo ea Jesu, se tšoantšetsang matsatsi a selemo.
- Kaho ea sehlopha sa Babishopo 'Chambers e nkile lilemo tse 5.
- Ka 2008, lintho tsa nalane ea Kremlin li ile tsa fetoha botle ba ho taka filimi "Tsar" ke motsamaisi Lungin.
- Kereke ea mapolanka ea Nikolskaya e ile ea khethoa bakeng sa ho nkuoa filimi ea ketsahalo ea lechato phetisong ea filimi ea pale ea "Pula ea Lehloa" ea Pushkin.
Tlhahisoleseling bakeng sa bahahlauli
Lihora tsa ho bula tsa Suzdal Kremlin:
- Bula Mantaha ho isa Labohlano ho tloha ka 9:00 ho isa ho 19:00, Moqebelo ho fihlela ka 20:00, koaloa ka Labobeli le Labohlano la ho qetela la khoeli.
- Ho hlahlojoa lipapatso tsa musiamo hoa etsoa: Mantaha, Laboraro - Labohlano, Sontaha - ho tloha 10:00 ho 18:00, ka Moqebelo ho tsoelapele ho fihlela 19:00.
Litsenyehelo tsa ho etela liemahale tsa musiamo ka tekete e le 'ngoe ke li-ruble tse 350, bakeng sa barutoana, baithuti le ba penshene - li-ruble tse 200. Litekete tsa ho tsamaea ho potoloha Suzdal Kremlin li bitsa li-ruble tse 50 bakeng sa batho ba baholo le li-ruble tse 30 bakeng sa bana.
Aterese ea Kremlin: Sebaka sa Vladimir, Suzdal, st. Kremlin, ea lilemo li 12.
