Rafilosofi oa Russia Mikhail Bakhtin o ile a nka matsatsi a phomolo e le mofuta o ka sehloohong oa setso sa batho. Ho joalo, ho thata ho phomola mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi, ho lula tafoleng ea mokete (lejoe kapa letlalo). Ka tsela e 'ngoe, matsatsing ao ba neng ba sa tsome kapa ba sa tsotelle lijo ka tsela efe kapa efe, batho ba khale ba ka be ba qalile ho nts'etsapele litsebo tsa puisano tse sa amaneng ka kotloloho le ho phela. Lipale, lipina le mefuta e meng ea boiqapelo li ile tsa qala ho hlaha butle-butle. Matsatsi a phomolo a qalile ho khetholla, ho holisa le ho tebisa moetlo.
Matsatsi a phomolo a boetse a susumetsa ho hlaha ha mahlale. Boikemisetso bo nepahetseng ba matsatsi a itseng kapa linako li hloka tsebo ea bolepi ba linaleli, mme ho tloha moo e ne e se hole pele ho theoa khalendara. Litloaelo tsa matsatsi a phomolo li hloka semantic se fapaneng le sa tlhaho, ka hona, matsatsi a phomolo a ile a hlaha a neng a sa amane ka ntle le liketsahalo tsa tlhaho. Moelelo oa bona o ne o hloka tlhaloso - ha joale ha se hole le tumelo e hlophisitsoeng e hlophisitsoeng.
Mme ha re lebale ka ho pheha. Ho ke ke ha etsahala hore ho tla khonahala ho fumana mekhoa ea ponahalo ea lijana tse ngata tsa "mokete", empa hoa utloahala ho nahana hore mehleng ea khale baholo-holo ba rona ba lekile ho fapanya tafole ka matsatsi a phomolo ka ho ja ntho e sa tloaelehang kapa e lokisitsoeng ka tsela e ikhethileng. Ha makholo a lilemo a ntse a feta le ho matlafatsoa ha thepa ea sechaba, litloaelo tsa boikoetliso li se li arohile hanyane ka hanyane molemong oa matsatsi a phomolo. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho motho ea tla pheha khang ka taba ea hore ka tlung ea billionaire le malapeng a batho ba futsanehileng, lijana tsa matsatsi a phomolo li fapane le tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.
1. Ho ea ka litaba tsa eona tse ka hare, mekete ea boithabiso ea Amerika Boroa ke matsatsi a phomolo a ts'oanang le Shrovetide ea rona, ha e na moelelo hanyane ka phetisetso ea Lefatše le ka Boroa la Lefatše. Shrovetide ea Orthodox e bolela ho bona mariha, ho qeta matsatsi a phomolo a mariha ka lijo tsa bona tse ngata le mekete, le ho itokisetsa Great Lent. Hona Brazil eo, mokete oa boithabiso o boetse o etsahala bosiung ba Lente - o lula o fela ka Labobeli, 'me ho itima lijo ho qala ka Laboraro, le bitsoang Ash. Empa Karolong e ka Boroa ea Lefatše, mekete ea boithabiso e tšoaea ho fihla ha mariha, eseng ho fela ha eona. Ka tsela eo, mokete oa boithabiso o moholo ka ho fetisisa ho latela palo ea ba nkang karolo ha o etsoe Rio de Janeiro, empa o etsoa toropong ea Salvador da Bahia.
2. Analog e 'ngoe ea Maslenitsa e etsahala USA mme selemo le selemo e bokella barupeluoa ba likete. Ke ka Mardi Gras - mokete New Orleans. Ketsahalo e mebala-bala e etelletsoe pele ke morena le mofumahali oa mokete, ba lahlela lichelete tsa tšepe le lipompong sethaleng se seholo. Tloaelo le morena e hlahile kamora hore Morena e Moholo oa Russia ea bitsoang Alexei a etele Mardi Gras ka 1872, mme bahlophisi ba mo abela sethala se khethehileng se nang le mongolo "King".
3. Mekete ea boithabiso e ka tšoantšoa le Halloween. Mekete ka bobeli e tšoaroa kamora kotulo mme e tšoantšetsa phetoho ho tloha hlabula ho ea mariha. Bonyane har'a bahetene ba lulang lihlekehlekeng tsa Brithani, Halloween e ne e sena moelelo o mong. Ha Bokreste bo fihla, mokete ona o ile oa ba le moelelo o mocha. La 31 Mphalane ke bosiu ba Letsatsi la Bahalaleli Bohle. Litloaelo tsa Halloween li fetohile hanyane ka hanyane. Ba ile ba qala ho kopa lijo tse bobebe kae kae lekholong la 16th, mabone a mokopu a hlaha halofong ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo (pele mabone a etsoa ka li-turnip kapa li-beet), mme ba qala ho hlophisa mekoloko ea moaparo le hamorao.
4. "Ho koeteloa" ha monyaluoa pele mokete oa lechato o qala hase tokelo ea batho ba lithabeng feela. Tsamaiso ea hajoale, ha monyali le metsoalle ea hae ba letsetsa monyaluoa lapeng la hae mme ba lefa thekollo ea tšoantšetso, e na le metso e ts'oanang. Pejana, karolo ea limousine e ne e bapaloa ke lipere le troika, tseo banyaluoa ba neng ba nkuoa ho tsona.
5. Great Britain le likolone tsa eona tsa mehleng, boemo bo makatsang bo hlahile ka mokete oa letsatsi la tsoalo la mofumahali (kapa morena). Lihlekehlekeng tsa Borithane, ha e ketekoe ka letsatsi la tsoalo la motho ea busang, empa e ketekoa ka le leng la Moqebelo oa pele oa boraro ka Phuptjane. Ke efe - morena ka boeena o nka qeto, hangata ho latela boemo ba leholimo. Edward VII o qalile moetlo qalong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. O hlahile ka Pulungoana mme o ne a sa batle ho amohela mokete oa setso nakong ea lehloa le batang la London. Australia, matsatsi a phomolo a etsahala halofo ea bobeli ea Phuptjane, Canada ka Mantaha oa boraro oa Mots'eanong, mme New Zealand Mofumahali o lebohisoa ka Mantaha oa pele oa lehlabula.
6. Mokete oa Bosiu oa Guy Fawkes (la 5 Pulungoana) Great Britain o tsebahala haholo ka lebaka la lifilimi le libuka, 'me e mong le e mong o bone se bitsoang "Anonymous mask" bonyane hanngoe. Ha ho tsejoe hakaalo hore lilemong tsa pele tsa mokete oa sehopotso sa topollo ea morena le paramente ho tsoa ho phatloheng ho tšabehang, ntle le liqhomane, liphoofolo tse tlatsitsoeng tsa Mopapa li ne li chesoa, 'me hang ha phoofolo e joalo e kentsoe likatse tse phelang.
7. Naha e "ketekoang" ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ke Argentina, moo matsatsi a 19 a sa sebetseng, a nkoang e le matsatsi a phomolo a sechaba, a beoa ka molao khalendareng. Mme naheng ea boahelani ea Brazil ho na le matsatsi a phomolo a sechaba a 5 feela, hammoho le Maindia, MaBrazil a ka inka e le sechaba se sebetsang ka thata ho feta tsohle. Russia e arolelana libaka tse 6-7 le Malaysia ka matsatsi a 14 a phomolo a sechaba.
8. Qeto ea ho theha la 8 Hlakubele joalo ka Letsatsi la Machaba la Basali e ile ea amoheloa ka 1921 Kopanong ea Basali ea Makomonisi ea II. Letsatsi leo le behiloe ho tlotla lipontšo tsa pele tse kholo tse khahlano le mmuso ka 1917 motse-moholo oa Russia oa Petrograd. Kamora moo, litšoantšiso tsena li ile tsa lebisa tlhokomelong ea Nicholas II le ho hlaha ha Soviet Russia. Letsatsi la Basali le ne le ketekoa haholo linaheng tse haufi le USSR. La 8 Hlakubele e ile ea e-ba letsatsi la phomolo USSR ka 1966. Ntle le Russia, Letsatsi la Machaba la Basali ha le sebetse Kenya, Korea Leboea, Madagascar, Guinea-Bissau, Eritrea, Uganda, Mongolia, Zambia le linaha tse ling tsa kamora Soviet. Laos, ke batho ba bong bo fapaneng feela ba fuoang letsatsi la phomolo, 'me Chaena ka la 8 Hlakubele basali ba sebetsa nakoana.
9. Keresemese e ketekoa linaheng tse ngata tsa lefats'e, empa matsatsi a phomolo a fapane. Linaheng tse 14, ho kenyeletsoa le Russia, li phomola letsatsi le le leng. Linaheng tse ling tse 20, matsatsi a mabeli ha a sebetse ka Keresemese. Linaheng tse 8 tsa Europe, Keresemese e ketekoa ka matsatsi a mararo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, Belarus, Ukraine le Moldova, Keresemese ea K'hatholike (la 25 Tšitoe) le matsatsi a phomolo a Orthodox ka la 7 Pherekhong a nkuoa e le matsatsi a phomolo.
10. Ruri letsatsi la tsoalo e ka ba letsatsi le bohloko la phomolo. Phuputso e entsoeng ke bafuputsi Univesithing ea Chicago lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng e fumane hore karolelano ea batho ba ka bang 7% ba shoa ka letsatsi la bona la tsoalo ho feta matsatsing a mang. Ho feta moo, ho shoa ho eketsehileng ha ho bonoe feela karolong ea likotsi tse amanang le mekete le tšebeliso ea joala, empa hape le lipolaong. Kamoo ho bonahalang kateng, ho thata haholo ho mamella bolutu ka matsatsi a phomolo.
11. Selemo se Secha sa Khale Russia se bile teng ho tloha khale, hobane Selemo se Secha ka botsona ke matsatsi a phomolo a sa tsitsang morerong oa khalendara, 'me ho lula ho na le batho ba sa amoheleng liphetoho. Ho tloha nakong ea kolobetso ea Russia le ho fihlela Ivan III, Selemo se Secha se ne se ketekoa ka la 1 Hlakubele, empa Maslenitsa, nakong eo Selemo se Secha se neng se ketekoa pejana, le sona e ile ea lula e le letsatsi la phomolo la bohlokoa. Ivan III o ile a chechisetsa mokete ona ho la 1 Loetse, mme, ho hlakile, batšehetsi ba letsatsi la Hlakubele ba ile ba sala. Le tlasa Peter I, ea neng a ke ke a mamella ho se mamele, ho chechisoa ha matsatsi a phomolo ho la 1 Pherekhong ho ile ha amoheloa ka ho korotla. Selemo se secha sa Khale se teng hona joale ka 1918 kamora phetoho ea khalendara.
12. Letsatsi la Tlholo ho USSR / Russia le ketekoa selemo le selemo ka la 9 Mots'eanong, empa letsatsi lena e ne e se kamehla ka letsatsi la phomolo. Ho tloha ka 1948 ho isa ho 1965, la 9 Mots'eanong e ne e le letsatsi la ts'ebetso, mme mabaka a sena ha a hlake hantle. Mofuta oo Stalin a neng a honohela khanya ea G.K.Zhukov o shebahala e le oa nalane - linneteng tsa lilemo tseo, Stalin le Zhukov e ne e le lipalo tse ke keng tsa bapisoa ho latela botumo. Mohlomong ba nkile qeto ea ho etsa mokete ona hore o se ke oa ba le litabatabelo tse ngata kamora ho hlokomela kholo ea tahlehelo ea batho le ho senngoa ha moruo. 'Me lilemo tse 20 feela ka mor'a tlhōlo, ha maqeba a mohopolo a fola hanyane, letsatsi la phomolo le ile la qala ho ba le maemo a matle.
Mokete oa setso ho hlompha Letsatsi la Tlholo
13. Ho tloha 1928 ho isa 2004, Mots'eanong oa 2 e ne e le letsatsi la phomolo - joalo ka "tereilara" ho Letsatsi la Bonngoe ba Basebetsi ba Machabeng ka Mots'eanong oa 1. Joale letsatsi la phomolo la la 7 Pulungoana - Letsatsi la Phetohelo e Kholo ea Bochaba ea Mphalane - le ile la emisa ho ba teng. Mots'eanong Letsatsi le ile la lula e le letsatsi la mokete, empa la lahleheloa ke tatso ea lona ea maikutlo - joale ke Letsatsi la Basebetsi feela. Letsatsi lena la phomolo le tumme lefatšeng ka bophara - la 1 Mots'eanong ke letsatsi la phomolo ea sechaba linaheng tse ngata lik'honthinenteng tsohle.
Pontšo ea May Day ho USSR
14. Ho fapana le tumelo e tloaelehileng, Mabolshevik ha a ka a hlakola beke hang hang ka matsatsi a phomolo a kereke. Ho fihlela 1928, matsatsi a sa sebetseng e ne e le matsatsi a mararo ka Paseka, Ascension of the Lord, the Day of Spirits (la 4 Phuptjane), Transfiguration of the Lord le Keresemese. Empa joale matsatsi a phomolo a kereke a ile a nyamela khalendareng ea lefatše ka nako e telele. Ke tlameha ho re ho ne ho e-na le matsatsi a phomolo a fokolang ka kakaretso ho fihlela 1965: Selemo se Secha, Mots'eanong oa May, sehopotso sa phetoho le Letsatsi la Molao oa Motheo. Ho tloha ka 1992, Keresemese e khutletse khalendareng, 'me letsatsi le hlahlamang la Paseka le fetohile letsatsi la phomolo.
15. Ho ketekoa matsatsi a 174 a phomolo a botsebi Russia. Li ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanang khalendareng. Kahoo, ka Pherekhong ho ne ho e-na le matsatsi a phomolo a mane feela, ka la 3 Hlakola le Mphalane ke mokete oa mokete oa basebetsi ba ikhethang ba 29. Ho hlakile hore ka matsatsi a mangata a phomolo ho thata ho qoba liketsahalo tse etsahetseng ka nako e le 'ngoe. Matsatsi a 'maloa, matsatsi a phomolo a litsebi a oa,' me, ka mohlala, ka la 1 Phato 2018, ho bile le matsatsi a phomolo a mararo ka nako e le 'ngoe: Letsatsi la ka morao, Letsatsi la mokelli le letsatsi la ho theoa ha litšebeletso tse khethehileng tsa likhokahanyo. 'Me Letsatsi la akhaontente le batla le hlakana hantle le Letsatsi la mosebeletsi oa tlhahlobo ea lekhetho.
