Selekane sa Molotov-Ribbentrop

Tumellano e seng mabifi lipakeng tsa Jeremane le USSR (eo hape e tsejoang e le Selekane sa Molotov-Ribbentrop kapa Selekane sa Hitler-Stalin) - tumellano ea mmuso e saennweng ka la 23 Phato 1939 ke lihlooho tsa mafapha bakeng sa litaba tsa kantle ho naha tsa Jeremane le USSR, ho batho ba Joachim Ribbentrop le Vyacheslav Molotov.

Liphumano tsa tumellano ea Jeremane le Soviet li netefalitse khotso lipakeng tsa mahlakore ka bobeli, ho kenyeletsoa boitlamo bo phatlalalitsoeng ba hore ha ho le e 'ngoe ea mebuso ena e tla kenela selekane kapa e thuse lira tsa lehlakore le leng.

Kajeno, Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ke e 'ngoe ea litokomane tse buuoang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Linaheng tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa le Russia, bosiung ba la 23 Phato, puisano e mafolofolo ea selekane lipakeng tsa baetapele ba baholo ba lefats'e ka nako eo - Stalin le Hitler e qala likoranteng le thelevisheneng.

Selekane sa Molotov-Ribbentrop se bakile ho qhoma ha Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše (1939-1945). O ile a tlamolla matsoho a Bofasista ba Jeremane, bo neng bo ikemiselitse ho busa lefatše lohle.

Sehloohong sena, re tla sheba lintlha tse khahlisang tse amanang le konteraka, hammoho le liketsahalo tsa mantlha tse hlophisitsoeng ka tatellano ea tsona.

Morero oa ntoa

Kahoo, ka la 23 Phato 1939, Jeremane, tlasa boetapele ba Adolf Hitler, le USSR, tlasa boetapele ba Joseph Stalin, ba ile ba etsa tumellano, mme ka la 1 Loetse ntoa e tšollang mali le e kholo ka ho fetisisa nalaneng ea motho e qalile.

Matsatsi a robeli ka mor'a ho saena Tumellano ena, mabotho a Hitler a ile a hlasela Poland, mme ka la 17 Loetse, 1939, sesole sa Soviet se ile sa kena Poland.

Karohano ea libaka tsa Poland lipakeng tsa Soviet Union le Jeremane e felile ka ho saena tumellano ea setsoalle le leano le eketsehileng la lekunutu. Kahoo, ka 1940 linaha tsa Baltic, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina le karolo ea Finland li ile tsa hokelloa ho USSR.

Sephiri se eketsehileng sa protocol

Leano la lekunutu le hlalositse "meeli ea likarolo tsa lithahasello" tsa Jeremane le Soviet Union ha ho ka hlophisoa bocha libaka le lipolotiki tsa libaka tseo e leng karolo ea Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania le naha ea Poland.

Ho ea ka lipolelo tsa boetapele ba Soviet, tumellano ea tumellano e ne e le ho netefatsa tšusumetso ea USSR Europe Bochabela, hobane ntle le melaoana ea lekunutu selekane sa Molotov-Ribbentrop se ka lahleheloa ke matla.

Ho latela protocol, moeli o ka leboea oa Lithuania e bile moeli oa likarolo tsa lithahasello tsa Jeremane le USSR ho Baltic States.

Potso ea boipuso ba Poland e ne e lokela ho rarolloa hamorao, kamora puisano ea mekha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, Soviet Union e ile ea bontša thahasello e khethehileng ho Bessarabia, ka lebaka leo Jeremane e sa kang ea tlameha ho tseka libaka tsena.

Tumellano ena e ile ea susumetsa haholo pheletso ea batho ba Lithuania, Maestonia, Ma Latvia, hammoho le Ma-Ukraine a Bophirimela, Ma Belarus le Ma Moldova. Qetellong, batho bana ba ne ba batla ba kenyelelitsoe ka botlalo ho USSR.

Ho latela protocol e eketsehileng, ea mantlha e fumanoeng polokelong ea libuka tsa Politburo feela kamora ho putlama ha USSR, lebotho la Jeremane ka 1939 ha lea ka la hlasela likarolo tse ka bochabela tsa Poland, tse ahileng haholo-holo ke ma Belarus le maUkraine.

Ho phaella moo, ba fascists ha baa ka ba kena linaheng tsa Baltic. Ka lebaka leo, libaka tsena kaofela li ile tsa nkoa tlasa taolo ea Soviet Union.

Nakong ea ntoa le Finland, eo e neng e le karolo ea mafapha a thahasellisang a Russia, Red Army e ile ea hapa karolo ea naha ena.

Tekolo ea lipolotiki ea tumellano

Ka litlhahlobo tsohle tse sa hlakang tsa Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, eo kajeno e nyatsuoang haholo ke linaha tse ngata, ho tlameha ho amoheloa hore ha e le hantle ha ea ka ea feta tloaelo ea likamano tsa machabeng tse amohetsoeng pele ho Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše.

Ka mohlala, ka 1934, Poland e ile ea etsa tumellano e tšoanang le Jeremane ea Bonazi. Ntle le moo, linaha tse ling li lekile ho saena litumellano tse tšoanang.

Leha ho le joalo, e ne e le leano le leng la lekunutu le amanang le tumellano ea Molotov-Ribbentrop eo ntle ho pelaelo e tlotseng molao oa machabeng.

Ho bohlokoa hape ho tseba hore tumellanong ena USSR ha ea amohela melemo e mengata ea sebaka joalo ka lilemo tse ling tse peli tsa nako ho itokisetsa ntoa e ka bang teng le Puso ea Boraro.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Hitler o ile a khona ho qoba ntoa ka mahlakore a mabeli ka lilemo tse 2, a hlola Poland, Fora le linaha tse nyane tsa Europe ka tatellano. Kahoo, ho ea ka bo-rahistori ba bangata, Jeremane e lokela ho nkuoa e le mokha o ka sehloohong oa ho una molemo tumellanong eo.

Ka lebaka la hore lipehelo tsa leano la lekunutu li ne li se molaong, Stalin le Hitler ba nkile qeto ea ho se phatlalatse tokomane eo. Taba e khahlisang ke hore ha ho basebeletsi ba Russia kapa ba Jeremane ba neng ba tseba ka protocol, ntle le batho ba bangata haholo.

Leha ho na le ho hlaka hohle ha Molapo oa Molotov-Ribbentrop (ho bolelang melaoana ea ona ea lekunutu), e ntse e lokela ho shejoa maemong a hajoale a boemo ba sesole le lipolotiki ka nako eo.

Ho latela mohopolo oa Stalin, selekane sena se ne se lokela ho sebetsa e le karabelo ea leano la "ho khahlisa" la Hitler, le neng le lateloa ke Great Britain le France, ba neng ba leka ho sututsa lihlooho tsa bona khahlanong le mebuso e 'meli ea bohatelli.

Ka 1939, Jeremane ea Bonazi e ile ea nka taolo ea Rhineland 'me, ka ho roba Tumellano ea Versailles, ea hlomella mabotho a eona, ka mor'a moo ea hokela Austria le Czechoslovakia.

Maemong a mangata, leano la Great Britain, Fora, Jeremane le Italy le lebisitse liphellong tse bohloko joalo, tseo ka la 29 Loetse 1938 li ileng tsa saena tumellano Munich mabapi le karohano ea Czechoslovakia. Bala ho eketsehileng ka sena sengoloeng "Tumellano ea Munich".

Ha re nahana ka tsohle tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ha ho na toka ho bolela hore ke Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact feela e lebisitseng Ntoeng ea II ea Lefatše.

Nakoana ka mor'a moo, Hitler o ne a ntse a tla hlasela Poland, mme linaha tse ngata tsa Europe li ne li batla ho etsa tumellano le Jeremane, ka hona li lokolle matsoho a Manazi.

Taba e khahlisang ke hore ho fihlela ka la 23 Phato 1939, linaha tsohle tse matla tsa Europe, ho kenyeletsoa Borithane, Fora le Soviet Union, li lekile ho buisana le moetapele oa Jeremane.

Tekolo ea boitšoaro ea tumellano

Hang kamora ho phetheloa ha Tumellano ea Molotov-Ribbentrop, mekhatlo e mengata ea bokomonisi ea lefats'e e ile ea nyatsa tumellano eo ka matla. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ba ne ba sa tsebe le ho ba teng ha protocol e eketsehileng.

Bo-ralipolotiki ba tšehetsang bokomonisi ba bontšitse ho se khotsofale ka kamano e pakeng tsa USSR le Jeremane. Bo-rahistori ba bangata ba lumela hore ke tumellano ena e ileng ea fetoha qalo ea karohano ea mokhatlo oa machaba oa bokomonisi le lebaka la ho felisoa ha Bokomonisi ba Machabeng ka 1943.

Lilemo tse mashome hamorao, ka la 24 Tšitoe 1989, Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR e ile ea nyatsa ka molao melaoana ea lekunutu. Bo-ralipolotiki ba hatelletse taba ea hore tumellano le Hitler e phethetsoe ke Stalin le Molotov ka lekunutu ho tsoa ho batho le baemeli ba Mokha oa Makomonisi.

Likarolo tsa lekunutu tsa Jeremane li ne li ka senngoa ka bomo ea Jeremane. Leha ho le joalo, qetellong ea 1943, Ribbentrop o ile a laela ho hatisoa ha lirekoto tse patiloeng ka ho fetisisa tsa Lekala la Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha la Jeremane ho tloha ka 1933, tse ka bang maqephe a 9 800.

Ha mafapha a fapaneng a Ofisi ea Kantle ho Naha Berlin a fallisetsoa Thuringia qetellong ea ntoa, mosebeletsi oa sechaba Karl von Lesch o ile a amohela likopi tsa lifilimi tse nyane. O ile a laeloa hore a senye litokomane tsa lekunutu, empa Lesh o nkile qeto ea ho li pata bakeng sa inshorense ea botho le bophelo ba hae ba bokamoso.

Ka Mots'eanong 1945, Karl von Lesch o kopile Lieutenant Colonel Colonel Robert K. Thomson hore a ise lengolo ho Duncan Sandys, mokhoenyana oa Churchill. Lengolong leo, o phatlalalitse litokomane tsa lekunutu, hape le hore o ikemiselitse ho li fana ka phapanyetsano ea ts'ireletso ea hae.

Colonel Thomson le mosebetsi-'moho le eena oa Amerika Ralph Collins ba lumellane le lipehelo tsena. Lifilimi tse nyane li ne li na le kopi ea Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact le protocol ea lekunutu.

Liphello tsa Morero oa Molotov-Ribbentrop

Liphetho tse mpe tsa tumellano li ntse li utluoa likamanong lipakeng tsa Russian Federation le linaha tse anngoeng ke tumellano.

Linaheng tsa Baltic le Ukraine bophirima, Marussia a bitsoa "baahi." Ho la Poland, USSR le Jeremane ea Bonazi li batla li lekana. Ka lebaka leo, lipalo tse ngata li na le maikutlo a mabe mabapi le masole a Soviet, a hlileng a ba pholositseng matsohong a Majeremane.

Ho ea ka bo-rahistori ba Marussia, bora bo joalo ba batho ba lipalo ha bo na toka, hobane ha ho le ea mong oa masole a Russia a ka bang 600,000 a shoeleng tokollong ea Poland ea kileng a utloa ka leano la lekunutu la Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.