Ntoa Leqhoeng kapa ntoa Letšeng la Peipsi - Ntoa e etsahetseng leqhoeng la Letša la Peipsi ka la 5 Mmesa (12 Mmesa) 1242 ka ho nka karolo ha Izhora, Novgorodians le Vladimirs, ba etelletsoeng pele ke Alexander Nevsky, ka lehlakoreng le leng, le mabotho a Livonia Order, ka lehlakoreng le leng.
Battle on the Ice ke e 'ngoe ea lintoa tse tummeng historing ea Russia. Haeba mabotho a Russia a ne a hlotsoe ntoeng, nalane ea Russia e ka be e nkile tsela e fapaneng ka ho felletseng.
Ho itokisetsa ntoa
Kamora hore maSweden a hloloheloe Ntoeng ea Neva lilemo tse peli pejana, Masole a Sesole a Jeremane a ile a qala ho itokisetsa ka botebo letšolo la sesole. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore bakeng sa sena Teutonic Order e fane ka palo e itseng ea masole.
Lilemo tse 4 pele ho phutuho ea sesole Dietrich von Grüningen o ile a khethoa e le Monghali oa Taelo ea Livonia. Bo-rahistori ba bangata ba lumela hore ke eena ea qalileng lets'olo khahlanong le Russia.
Har'a tse ling, masole a bolumeli a ne a tšehelitsoe ke Mopapa Gregory 9, ea neng a hlophisitse ntoa ea bolumeli khahlanong le Finland ka 1237. Lilemo tse 'maloa hamorao, Gregory 9 o ile a bitsa likhosana tsa Russia ho hlompha litaelo tsa moeli.
Ka nako eo, masole a Novgorod a ne a se a bile le boiphihlelo bo atlehileng ba sesole le Majeremane. Alexander Nevsky, a utloisisa mesebetsi ea masole a bolumeli, ho tloha ka 1239 o ne a sebetsa maemong a matlafatsang moeling oohle oa moeli o ka boroa-bophirima, empa maSweden a ile a hlasela ho tloha leboea-bophirima.
Kamora ho hloloa ha bona, Alexander o ile a tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa liqhobosheane tsa ntoa, hape a nyala morali oa khosana ea Polotsk, ka hona a kopa tšehetso ea hae ntoeng e tlang. Ka 1240 masole a bolumeli a ile a ea Russia, a hapa Izborsk, 'me selemong se hlahlamang ba thibella Pskov.
Ka Hlakubele 1242, Alexander Nevsky o ile a lokolla Pskov ho Majeremane, a sutumetsa sera ho khutlela sebakeng sa Letša la Peipsi. Ke hona moo ntoa ea tšōmong e tla etsahala, e tla theohela nalaneng tlasa lebitso la - Battle on the Ice.
Ntoa e tsoela pele hanyane
Likhohlano tsa pele lipakeng tsa masole a bolumeli le mabotho a Russia li qalile ka Mmesa 1242. Molaoli oa Majeremane e ne e le Andreas von Velven, ea neng a e-na le lebotho la ba 11000. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Alexander o ne a e-na le bahlabani ba ka bang 16,000 ba neng ba e-na le libetsa tse mpe le ho feta.
Leha ho le joalo, ha nako e ntse e bontša, liqhomane tse ntlehali li tla bapala metlae e sehloho le masole a Order ea Livonia.
Ntoa e tsebahalang ea Leqhoa e ile ea etsahala ka la 5 Mmesa, 1242. Nakong ea tlhaselo, mabotho a Jeremane a ile a ea ho "kolobe" ea sera - ntoa e ikhethileng ea sesole sa mabotho a tsamaeang ka maoto le bapalami ba lipere, e leng se hopotsang leqhubu le hlabang. Nevsky o ile a laela ho hlasela sera ka ba fulang metsu, ka mor'a moo a laela ho hlasela mahlakore a Majeremane.
Ka lebaka leo, masole a bolumeli a ile a qobelloa ho ea pele, a iphumana a le leqhoeng la Letša la Peipsi. Ha Majeremane a tlameha ho khutlela leqhoeng, ba ile ba hlokomela kotsi ea se etsahalang, empa e ne e le morao haholo. Tlas'a boima ba lihlomo tse boima, leqhoa le ile la qala ho petsoha ka tlas'a maoto a bahlabani. Ke ka lebaka lena ntoa ena e ileng ea tsejoa e le Ntoa ea Leqhoa.
Ka lebaka leo, Majeremane a mangata a ile a khangoa ke metsi ka letšeng leo, empa bongata ba lebotho la Andreas von Velven le ile la khona ho baleha. Ka mor'a moo, sehlopha sa Nevsky, ka mokhoa o bonolo, se ile sa leleka sera linaheng tsa Pskov.
Sephetho le nalane ea nalane ea Ntoa e Leqhoeng
Kamora ho hloloa ho hoholo Letšeng la Peipsi, baemeli ba Livonia le Teutonic Orders ba ile ba etsa tumellano le Alexander Nevsky. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ba lahlile lipolelo life kapa life ho naha ea Russia.
Taba e khahlisang ke hore kamora lilemo tse 26, Order ea Livonia e tla tlola tumellano. Ntoa ea Rakov e tla etsahala, moo masole a Russia a tla hlola hape. Nakoana kamora ntoa ea Ice, Nevsky, a sebelisa monyetla oo, o ile a etsa matšolo a 'maloa a atlehileng khahlano le batho ba Lithuania.
Haeba re nahana ka ntoa ea Lake Peipsi ka nalane ea nalane, karolo ea mantlha ea Alexander e ne e le hore o ile a khona ho thibela ho hlasela ha sesole se matla sa masole a bolumeli. Hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela maikutlo a rahistori ea tummeng Lev Gumilyov mabapi le ntoa ena.
Monna eo o ile a pheha khang ea hore haeba Majeremane a ka khona ho hapa Russia, sena se tla lebisa pheletsong ea bophelo ba eona, 'me, ka lebaka leo, ho isa qetellong ea Russia e tlang.
Pono e 'ngoe ea ntoa Letšeng la Peipsi
Ka lebaka la hore bo-ramahlale ha ba tsebe sebaka se hantle sa ntoa, hape ba na le tlhaiso-leseling e fokolang, ho ile ha thehoa maikutlo a mang a mabeli mabapi le Ntoa ea Leqhoa ka 1242.
- Ho ea ka mofuta o mong, Battle on the Ice ha e so ka e etsahala, 'me tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le eona ke moqapi oa bo-rahistori ba phetseng qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la 18-19. Ka ho khetheha, Soloviev, Karamzin le Kostomarov. Bo-rasaense ba 'maloa ba latela mohopolo ona, hobane ho thata haholo ho hana' nete ea Battle on the Ice. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore tlhaloso e khuts'oane ea ntoa e fumanoa libukeng tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho tsa ho tloha qetellong ea lekholo la bo13 la lilemo, hammoho le litlalehong tsa nalane tsa Majeremane.
- Ho latela mofuta o mong, Ntoa e Leqhoeng e ne e le nyane haholo, hobane ho buuoa ka eona ka palo e fokolang haholo. Haeba mabotho a likete tse ngata a ne a hlile a kopane, ntoa e ka be e hlalositsoe e le betere haholo. Kahoo, khohlano e ne e le bonolo haholo.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore leha bo-rahistori ba tummeng ba Russia ba hana mofuta oa pele, ba na le khang e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa mabapi le ea bobeli: leha boholo ba ntoa bo hlile bo fetelletsoa, sena ha sea lokela ho fokotsa tlholo ea Russia ho feta bahlabani.
Setšoantšo sa Ntoa ea Leqhoeng
